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Background: ''Long COVID'' a condition that occurs when individuals with a confirmed COVID-19 infection experience long-term effects which cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis, primarily affects women. Women are frequently the decision makers regarding health-related actions in their families;therefore, their intent to carry out health-related behaviors is likely to affect the adoption of health behaviors for their families as well. To date, only 51% of U.S. adults indicated that they were somewhat or very worried about Long COVID. Since the most likely way to prevent Long COVID is to prevent COVID-19 (re)infection, COVID-19 preventive measures may also help prevent the spread of Long COVID. Objective(s): In a sample of women, examine associations among demographics, COVID-19 diagnosis/COVID-19 vaccination status, Long COVID-related beliefs, and willingness to carry out preventive behaviors. Method(s): Panel survey firm Qualtrics was used to recruit a sample of N= 311 English-speaking U.S. women. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a theoretical lens. Result(s): Black women were more likely to comply with COVID-19 protective measures of wearing masks (p < .001) and testing before attending an event (p = .049) than White women. Among this sample of women, HBM constructs added significantly to the regression models, especially susceptibility to Long COVID and self-efficacy to wear a mask and test for COVID-19. In addition, perceived benefits of mask-wearing (p < .001), testing before an event (p = .002), and getting a vaccine booster (p = .001) predicted intent to carry out these actions. Perceived severity of Long COVID did not significantly predict adherence to preventive behaviors. Conclusion(s): Further education is needed on the severity of Long COVID and its potential consequences. Public health messaging about Long COVID may be an effective means of increasing COVID-19 preventive behaviors that are effective against both COVID-19 and Long COVID.
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Introduction: The novel COVID-19 disease rapidly escalated into a global pandemic affecting people around the world. While communities imposed mitigation measures to stop the spread of the disease, the mass (home) confinement in addition to the uncertainty of the pandemic led to drastic changes in all aspects of life, including sleep. Sleep health is strongly linked with mental and overall health and could play a protective role against the development of mental distress during the pandemic. Here, we investigated sleep health in a global multicultural sample of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We surveyed 6,882 adults (18-94 years) across 59 countries about their sleep health (RU-SATED scale), sleep behaviors, demographics, pandemic-related factors, and mood between late April and early May 2020. A hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to investigate correlates of sleep health. Results: Compared with pre-pandemic times, more than one third of the sample reported an increase in sleep disturbances, and more than half of the sample shifted their sleep schedule towards later bedand wake-up times. Better sleep health was associated with being partnered, older age and living in a higher-income country (p<.001). Poorer sleep health was associated with a stricter level of quarantine, and other pandemic-related factors including being laid off from job, financial strain, or difficulties with transitioning to working from home (R2=.116, p<.001). Domestic conflict emerged as the strongest correlate of poorer sleep health in the regression model. Greater depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with a poorer sleep health (p<.001). In a global comparison, Latin Americans reported the lowest sleep health scores. Conclusion: Our findings highlight how sleep behavior has changed during the international quarantine- and isolation measurements and show the association between pandemic-related factors and poor sleep health, which, in turn, is closely linked with poorer mental health. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining good sleep health during the pandemic, since poorer sleep health may trigger or exacerbate mental disorders. Maintenance of good sleep health should be incorporated into public health messages aimed at helping people maintain optimal mental and physical health during major stressful life events like the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Declaration de liens d'interets: Les auteurs declarent ne pas avoir de liens d'interets. Copyright © 2020
ABSTRACT
Declaration de liens d'interets: Les auteurs declarent ne pas avoir de liens d'interets. Copyright © 2020
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease (COVID)-2019 may adversely affect clinical outcomes. Severe COVID-19 and uremia are risk factors for neurological complications. However, the lack of insight into their pathogenesis, particularly with respect to the role of the cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is currently hampering effective therapeutic interventions. The aims of this study were to describe the neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19 and to gain pathophysiological insights with respect to CRS. METHODS: In this longitudinal study, we performed extensive clinical, laboratory and imaging phenotyping in five patients admitted to our renal unit. RESULTS: Neurological presentation included confusion, tremor, cerebellar ataxia, behavioral alterations, aphasia, pyramidal syndrome, coma, cranial nerve palsy, dysautonomia, and central hypothyroidism. Notably, neurological disturbances were accompanied by laboratory evidence of CRS. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was undetectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Hyperalbuminorrachia and increased levels of the astroglial protein S100B were suggestive of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings comprised evidence of acute leukoencephalitis (n = 3, one of whom had a hemorrhagic form), cytotoxic edema mimicking ischaemic stroke (n = 1), or normal results (n = 2). Treatment with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulins was attempted, resulting in rapid recovery from neurological disturbances in two cases. SARS-CoV2 was undetectable in 88 of the 90 patients with COVID-19 who underwent Reverse Transcription-PCR testing of CSF. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 can develop neurological manifestations that share clinical, laboratory and imaging similarities with those of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-related encephalopathy. The pathophysiological underpinnings appear to involve CRS, endothelial activation, BBB dysfunction, and immune-mediated mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/etiology , COVID-19/complications , Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Aged , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiopathology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Brain Edema/etiology , COVID-19/metabolism , COVID-19/physiopathology , Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism , Cytokine Release Syndrome/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use , Ischemic Stroke/diagnosis , Longitudinal Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Declaration de liens d'interets: Pr. Caillard signale des frais personnels et le soutien non financier de Novartis, le soutien non financier de Sanofi et le soutien non financier d'Astellas, en dehors du travail soumis. Les autres auteurs declarent ne pas avoir de liens d'interets. Copyright © 2020